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Marcus Licinius Crassus (quaestor)
Marcus Licinius Crassus (86 or 85 BC–ca. 49 BC〔Ronald Syme, “The Sons of Crassus,” ''Latomus'' 39 (1980) 403-408, reprinted in ''Roman Papers'', vol. 3, edited by Anthony R. Birley (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984)〕) was a quaestor of the Roman Republic in 54 BC. He was the elder son of the Marcus Crassus who formed the political alliance known as the "First Triumvirate" with Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") and Julius Caesar. His mother was Tertulla, the daughter of Marcus Varro Lucullus.〔, p.831〕 Crassus and his younger son, Publius, died at the Battle of Carrhae in 53, after which time Marcus continued to be a partisan of Caesar.
Marcus served under Caesar in the Gallic Wars, first as quaestor, then as proquaestor in 53. He is attested as a lieutenant ''(legatus)'' under Caesar in 49. He was also a ''pontifex'' of Roman state religion, probably as early as 60 BC.〔T.R.S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (American Philological Association, 1952), vol. 2, pp. 186–187, 579. The list of ''pontifices'' for 60 is based on Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 3.13.11, and Cicero, ''De Haruspicum Responsis'' 12 and ''De Domo Sua'' 118. The M. Licinius Crassus so listed could also be the father.〕
==Early life==
Scholarly opinion is divided as to whether Marcus or Publius was the elder, but with Roman naming conventions, the eldest son almost always carries on his father's name, including the praenomen, or first name, while younger sons are named for a grandfather or uncle.〔Lawrence Keppie, ''Understanding Roman Inscriptions'' (Routledge, 1991), p. 19.〕 The achievements of Publius, named after his grandfather (consul in 97 BC) and uncle, eclipse those of his brother to such an extent that some have questioned the traditional birth order.〔G.V. Sumner, ''The Orators in Cicero’s “Brutus”'' (University of Toronto Press, 1973) and Allen Ward, ''Marcus Crassus and the Late Roman Republic'' (University of Missouri Press, 1977).〕 Both Ronald Syme and Elizabeth Rawson, however, have argued vigorously for a family dynamic that casts Marcus as the older but Publius as the more talented younger brother.〔Syme, “The Sons of Crassus"; Elizabeth Rawson, “''Crassorum funera'',” ''Latomus'' 41 (1982) 540–549. Broughton accepts the argument for Marcus as elder in ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (American Philological Association, 1986), vol. 3, p. 119.〕
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